All docs
Subwoofer Optimization/V1

Phase, delay, and polarity

Why 180° isn't always 'wrong'.

Further reading

  • Todd Welti, Allan Devantier · Harman International — JAES 54(5):347-364 · 2006
    Low-Frequency Optimization Using Multiple Subwoofers (SFM)

    The earlier SFM (Sound Field Management) work. Introduces per-sub gain/delay/polarity refinement — the physics behind the app's optional Phase-5 optimizer stage. Distinct from the 2012 paper (AES 8748): 2006 covers signal processing on installed systems, 2012 covers pre-construction geometric placement.